8.1 主语和谓语的一致
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| 主语和谓语的一致一般涉及三个原则：
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| 语法一致原则 ( Grammatical Concord ) - 即形式上的一致或动词和主语的数互相匹配。如：
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| The taboo against eating pork occurs in more than one culture. 不止一种文化有忌食猪肉的风俗。
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| 意义一致原则 ( Notional Concord ) - 即意义或意念上的一致或按照数的概念动词与主语相一致。如：
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| Danish bacon and eggs makes a good solid English breakfast. 丹麦式的熏咸肉加鸡蛋做成了一顿美味的英国早餐。
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| 邻近性原则 ( Principal of Proximity ) - 即动词不与主语中主要的词语相一致，而与最邻近它的词语相一致。如：
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| Either your brakes or your eyesight is at fault. 要么是你的刹车，要么是你的视力出了毛病。
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| 1．集体名词，如army, audience, bacteria, band, board, brood, cabinet, cast, class, club, committee, community, company, council, couple, crew, crowd, data, enemy, faculty, family, flock, gang, government, group, herd, household, jury, media, navy, nobility, opposition, party, personnel, press, public, school, society, staff, team
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| 等作主语，动词的形式常取决于说话者或写作者的意图。当集体名词强调整体时，谓语动词应取单数形式；如果强调某组织或集体的每一个个体时，谓语动词应取复数形式。如：
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| The first group were given nothing at all. The second group were given a placebo. 第一组人什么也没给。第二组人用了安慰剂。
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| Our group is composed of eight boys and three girls. 我们组由8个男孩和3个女孩组成。
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| The staff has been cut by a quarter over the past year. 去年员工被裁减了四分之一。
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| The staff are not very happy about the latest pay increase. 员工们对最近一次的加薪不很满意。
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| Note:有生命的集体名词如cattle, clergy, livestock, militia, people, personnel, police, poultry, youth等作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式；无生命的集体名词如clothing, jewelry, machinery, merchandise, poetry等作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：
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| Sadly, the youth of today aren't so sure about their idols. 遗憾的是，现在的年轻人并不清楚自己的偶像是谁。
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| New machinery was introduced in the factory. 工厂引进了新的机器。
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| 2．一些以-ics, 结尾的名词，如aerobics, aesthetics, aeronautics, athletics, biogenetics, civics, cryonics, economics, electronics, ethics, eugenics, genetics, gymnastics, linguistics, mathematics, mechanics, phonetics, politics, statistics等作" 一门学科"解释时，谓语动词用单数形式；表示其它意义时用复数形式。如：
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| If cryonics doesn't work, it is the same as just dying. 如果人体冷冻法行不通，那么与死去也没有什么区别。（B3-U4-Back from the dead）
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| "Politics is much more difficult than physics", said Einstein. 爱因斯坦说，"政治比物理要难得多。"
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| The politics of the situation are not complicated. 时局的政治关系很复杂。
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| Note：有时以-ics结尾的名词无论接单数还是接复数形式的动词，句子的意思不变。如：
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| Politics has/have always interested me. 政治总是引起我的注意。
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| 3．以-s结尾的疾病名词作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：AIDs, arthritis（关节炎）, diabetes（糖尿病）, measles（麻疹）等；以-s结尾的表示游戏的名词作主语，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：billiards（桌球）, checkers（跳棋）（美国英语）, dominoes（多米诺骨牌）, draughts（跳棋）等。如：
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| Although AIDS is a notable exception, few new many killers have come along to replace the ones that have been eliminated. 尽管爱滋病是一个明显的例外，但几乎没有什么新的大规模的致命性疾病出现来取代那些已被根除的疾病。(B2-p255-L6)
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| Rickets is seldom found in sunny, tropical countries. 在阳光充足的热带国家佝偻病很少见。
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| Dominoes is an easier game than chess. 玩多米诺骨牌比下国际象棋容易。
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| Note：mumps（腮腺炎）可用单数动词或复数动词；cards（纸牌，扑克）通常用复数谓语动词。如：
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| Mumps is/are fairly rare in adults. 成年人很少得腮腺炎。
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| Cards are allowed here. 这里可以打扑克。
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| 4. 表示由对应的两个部分合在一起构成的工具的名词，具有复数含义，故其谓语动
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| 词用复数形式。如：binoculars, chopsticks, clippers（尖嘴钳子）, compasses（圆规）, forceps（镊子）, glasses, headphones, scales, scissors, spectacles, tongs（夹具）等；某些以-s结尾的表示服装及鞋类的名词，具有复数含义，故其谓语动词用复数形式。如：clothes, drawers（内裤）， gloves, jeans, pajamas, pants, shorts, slacks（工装裤）, stockings等。如：
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| The scissors are dull. 这把剪刀很钝。
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| These trousers are too tight for me. 这条裤子我穿太紧。
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| 5．一些单复数同形的名词，如aircraft, Chinese, crossroads, deer, fish, headquarters,
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| Japanese, manners, means, offspring, pains, Portuguese, remains, series, sheep, species, Swiss, works等需根据上下文判断它的数。如：
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| Fish have evolved into around 30,000 different species. 鱼进化为大约三万种不同的鱼。
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| That fish smell disgusting. 那种鱼闻起来令人作呕。
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| Every Chinese knows how New China was born. 每一个中国人都知道新中国是怎样诞生的。
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| All Chinese know how New China was born. 所有的中国人都知道新中国是怎样诞生的。
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| If constructive means are not available to satisfy this instinct, man will turn to destructive means. 如果没有建设性的方法来满足这一本能，人类就会采用破坏性的方法。
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| There is no means of finding out what happened. 没有办法查明发生了什么事。
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| Note：fishes表示鱼的种类，具有复数含义；pains作主语一般接复数形式的动词，但有时也接单数形式的动词。如：
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| There were fishes of many huts and sizes. 鱼的颜色不一，大小不一。
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| Great pains have/has been taken. 已经花费了很多心血了。
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| 6．英语中有些名词只用其复数形式，与其搭配的动词或相应的人称代词、指示代词
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| 也要用复数形式。这类名词主要有：arms (武器), articles (契约，章程), ashes (骨灰，废墟), belongings (行李), customs（风俗，关税）earnings (收入，利润), goods (货物), outskirts (市郊), suburbs (郊区), riches (财产，财富)等。如：
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| Halloween custums are mainly for the amusement of chidren. 万圣节的习俗主要是让孩子娱乐。
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| The goods are to be exported to Canada. 这些货物将外销到加拿大。
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| 7．某些名词以-s结尾，形式上是复数，但实际上作单数用，故其谓语动词也用单数形式。如：gallows（绞架）, summons（传票）, news等。如：
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| The summons was served on the man. 给那个人发了传票。
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| The good news is that not all aspects of Type A behavior are equally toxic. 好消息是并非所有的A型行为都有害。
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| 8. 国名、机构等名称作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；山脉、群岛的专有名词如果是
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| 以复数形式结尾的（前面带有定冠词the），则作主语时动词用复数形式。如：
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| The United States has a very violent history. 美国历史上充满暴力。
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| PAWS is one of 15 animal rights groups who have joined together to take the Navy to court.动物福利进步协会就是联合起来把海军告到了法庭的十五个动物权益组织之一。
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| Note: the Philippines（菲律宾）和the Netherlands（荷兰）作为国家的政治、经济单位看待时，可以接单数动词。如：
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| The Netherlands, however, was not considered a god place to live in. 荷兰作为一个居住场所并不被看好。
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| 9．名词所有格省略式作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据被省略的名词的单、复数来决定。
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| 1) 所有格所修饰的名词如果是指商店、住宅、教堂或办公室所在地时，经常被省略。这时谓语动词应采用单数形式。常见的所有格省略式有：the baker's, the barber's, the butcher's, the carpenter's, the grocer's, the photographer's, a bookseller's, a dressmaker's, Mr. Zhang's, my aunt's等。如：
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| There is a stationer's (shop) in the next street. 隔条街有一家文具店。
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| St. Paul's (Cathedral) has long been among the principal sights of London. 圣保罗教堂长期以来一直是伦敦的主要名胜之一。
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| 2) 所有格所修饰的名词（或词组）在句子中已经作为前提出现过，或下文中将要提到，为了避免重复，可以省略。谓语动词的单复数取决于被省略的名词（或词组）的单、复数。如：
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| Many have come to believe that Type A's (=Type A people) are much higher risk of suffering a heart attack. 许多人开始相信A型行为者患心脏病的危险性要大的多。
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| The children's was a wonderful performance. (=The children's performance was a wonderful one. 孩子们的表演很精彩。
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| Note: 简短的引语、格言和书籍、报刊、杂志的名称作为整体看待，相当于单个名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如：
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| Since its founding in 1996, Songs of Love has been responsible for the composition, taping and the sending of more than 780 songs to delighted children, all for free. 自1966年创立以来，爱之歌已经免费为孩子们创作、录音并发送了780多首歌曲。（Songs of Love是一非赢利性的组织）
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| "The greatness of our people is their cordiality" is a line from the national anthem of Aruba. 阿鲁巴国歌中有这样一句话"我们人民的伟大之处就在于他们的热情"。
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| Crime and Punishment is perhaps the best constructed of Dostoyevsky's novels, but The Brothers Karamazov is undoubtedly his masterpiece.《罪与罚》也许是陀思妥也夫斯基所创作的最好的作品，但《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》无疑是他的代表作。
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| 1．带有a lot of (lots of), a majority of, a number of , a part of, a percentage of , an average of, all of, half of, some of, most of, plenty of, the rest of, two-thirds of, ninety percent of, more than等词的谓语动词用单数还是复数，取决于这些词所修饰或限定的名词的数。如果这些词后的名词为单数，谓语动词应用单数。如果这些词后的名词为复数，谓语动词应用复数。如：
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| Now most of the motivation was internal and related to their larger goals. 现在大部分的动力是内在的，是与他们更大的目标相联系的。
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| One study found that 80 percent of teenagers were "heavily involved" in family food shopping. 一项研究发现百分之八十的青少年"大量地参与"家庭的食品采购。
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| 34 percent of the teachers' time was allocated to girls. 老师把34%的时间分配给了女生。
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| The vast majority of the parents were not themselves outstanding musicians, athletes or scholars.绝大部分的家长自己本身并不是杰出的音乐家、运动员或学者。
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| Note: the number of, the percentage of, the proportion of后不管其后面接单数名词还是复数名词，谓语动词都用单数。如：
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| The number of books stolen from the library is large. 图书馆被偷的书的数量很大。
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| 2．a series (kind/piece/proportion/species/succession, etc. ) +of +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数和复数形式都有。如：
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| A series of lectures on psychology is said to be given by Mr. Stone. 据说斯通先生要作一系列心理学讲座。
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| A series of conferences were staged for local officials and police personnel from America's 136 largest cities. 为当地的行政官员和警方人员举行了一系列的会议。
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| 3．名词+of this/that kind/sort/type，这时谓语动词的数与of前的名词的数相一致；this/that kind, sort, type +单数或复数名词作主语，其谓语动词用单数形式。如：
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| Problems of that kind /sort are very difficult to solve. 那种问题很难解决。
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| For religious and political reasons, a mandatory policy of this kind has been impossible to introduce in other densely-populated countries, such as India, Pakistan or Brazil. 由于宗教和政治的原因，这种强制性的政策在其他人口稠密的国家如印度、巴基斯坦、或巴西一直行不通。
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| This kind of things often makes us angry. 这种事常常使我们感到气愤。
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| 4．one and a half后面要接复数名词，但谓语动词习惯用单数形式, 有时也有用复数形式的。如：
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| One and a half bananas (=a banana and a half) is left on the table. 一只半香蕉留在桌子上。
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| There are about one and a half million different kinds of life forms on the planet today. 今天
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| 这个行星上有大约1,500,000种不同的生命形式。
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| 5．"more than one +单数名词"在意义上是复数的，但一般仍选用单数形式的动词，有时也发现用复数形式类似的用法还有many a，a day and a half等。如：
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| More than one member has protested against the proposal. 不止一个人反对这个计划。
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| Many a famous star has been ruined by drugs. 许多著名新秀被毒品给毁了。
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| A year and a half has passed. (=A period of a year and a half has passed.) 一年半已经过去了。
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| More than one and a half thousand local police stations have online access to the computer.
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| 当地一半多的警察局可以在线上网。
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| 6．数学中的加、减、趁乘、除这类算式作主语，动词习惯上用单数形式。如：
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| What's five plus twelve? 5+12等于几？
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| Ten minus eight equals two. 十减八等于二。
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| Nine times four equals thirty six. 九乘以四等于三十六。
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| 十除以五等于二。
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| 7．表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、价值、数目的词组作主语时，通常将它们看作一
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| 个整体，因而谓语动词用单数形式。如：
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| $1000 is too much to pay. 1000美元数额太大，付不起。
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| Two is company, three is none. 两人成对，三人不欢。（谚语）
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| Another ten days was gone. 又过了十天。
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| Note: 如果它们是作为一个一个的个体来计算的，这时数字的复数性非常明显，谓语动词则要用复数形式。如：
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| These twenty minutes of cross questioning were the worst I ever spent. 这二十分钟的盘问是我有生以来最难熬的时刻。
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| Eight were very good matches. 有八个很相似。
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| 1．不定代词each, one, anyone, everyone, someone, no one, anybody, everybody, nobody,
somebody, anything, everything, nothing, something作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
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| Each view of time has advantages and disadvantages. 每一种对时间的看法都有其优缺点。
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| Everyone was delighted because they would once again rich.人人兴高采烈，因为他们又变得有钱了。
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| Note: 不定代词all单独作主语指人时，通常指三个或三个以上的人，故其谓语动词用复数形式；但all单独作主语指事物时，一般表示抽象概念的"一切"或把事物看作整体，故其谓语动词用单数形式。如：
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| All are present today. 今天大家都到齐了。
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| All goes well. 一切进展顺利。
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| 2．在正式文体中，当none, neither, either和any后面跟of+复数名词或代词时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：
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| Neither of their directions is toward him. 没有一个人朝他走去。
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| When East meets West, how often is offense taken when none is given? 东西方人在一起时，究竟有多少本无冒犯之意却被当作冒犯之举的事发生呢？
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| I don't think either of them was to blame: they were just incompatible. 我认为不该责备两个他们，他们只是不相配。
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| Note 1: either (of... ) , none (of... ) 和neither (of... )有时也可接动词的复数形式。如：
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| I sent cards to Mavis and Margery but neither (of them) has/have replied; in fact, I doubt if either (of them) is/are coming. 我向梅维斯和玛杰里发了请贴，但她俩都没有给我答复。其实，我怀疑她俩是否会来。
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| Except one person, none of us sleep during the day. 除了一个人以外，我们白天都没有睡觉。
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| Luckily, none were killed in that accident. 值得庆幸的是，在这次事故中没有人丧生。
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| Note 2: each (of... )一般与谓语动词单数连用。如：
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| Each of us has a mental picture of the kind of person we would like to be. 我们每个人心里都有一幅关于自己想要成为什么样的人的画面。
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| 3．both (of), few (of), many (of), several (of)等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
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| Both of her children have blue eyes. 她两个孩子都有一双蓝眼睛。
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| 4．名词性物主代词作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，这取决于所替代的名词词组是单数还是复数。如：
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| Ours (=Our country) is a greatest socialist country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的社会主义国家。
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| Your shoes are black, his (=his shoes) are brown. 你的皮鞋是黑色的，他的是棕色的。
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| 5．指示代词this和that接单数形式的动词；these和those接复数形式的动词。such可以指单数，也可以指复数，动词应根据such所指的单、复数意义采用相应的动词形式；the same作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，意为"也是这样（同样）"。如：
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| The same is true of foreigners. 对外国人也是这样。
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| Such is his confidence in science that he believes it will not only be able to revive his head, but that it will also be able to build him a new body. 他对科学充满信心，他相信科学不仅能使他的大脑复活，而且还能为他造就一个新的身体。
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| We couldn't decide whether to order black pens or blue - such are the trifles of office life. 我们拿不定主意是预定黑钢笔还是兰钢笔 - 这都是些办公室里的杂事。(B1-p8-36)
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| 6．疑问代词who, what, which和whose都没有数的变化，他们所指的对象可以是单数，也可以是复数。谓语动词的数要与它们所指对象的单、复数保持一致。如：
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| Who is the woman in the black hat? 戴黑帽子的女人是谁？
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| Who are the men in white coats? 穿白衣服的男人是谁？
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| 1．and连接两个或两个以上的主语表示不同的人或事物，谓语动词用复数；and连接
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| 两个或两个以上表示一个概念或一个不可分割的整体，谓语动词用单数。一般情况下，如果并列名词中第二个名词前没有定冠词，则指的是同一人或事物。如：
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| The manufacture and sale of Christmas items is big business. 制造和销售圣诞用品是一桩大生意。
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| The famous Chinese cartoonist and humorist Ding Cong is a master of word play. 著名的中国漫画家和幽默大师丁聪是一个俏皮话大师。
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| 试比较：
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| Guilt and shame are destructive feelings. 内疚和羞怯感是两种毁灭性的感情。
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| 2．用or, either... or, neither... or, not only... but also, not... but... 等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数与靠近它的主语的数相一致。如：
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| Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.你、我、其他任何人都不知道答案。
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| Neither Mrs. Caret nor her daughters-in-law are working at the present time. 卡特夫人和她的媳妇们现在都没有工作。
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| Either my brothers or my father is coming. 不是我兄弟就是我父亲来。
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| Not just the students but even their teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅是学生，甚至他们的老师都很喜欢这部电影。
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| Note: 在选择疑问句中，or连接的并列主语要求动词与第一个名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致。如：
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| Does your brother or you study English? (=Does your brother study English or do you study English?) 是你的兄弟还是你在学英语？
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| 3．as much as, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数应与第一个主语的数相一致。如：
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| The first printed menu, as well as others of the period, was simple in design and offered specific information. 第一份菜单，与它同时期的菜单一样，设计上简单，只提供具体的信息。
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| The Minister, more than the trade unions, is responsible for the present impasse. 目前的僵局应由部长而不是工会负责。
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| 1．except, besides, with, but, accompanied by, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to, combined with等词语连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数应与第一个主语的数相一致。如：
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| Lighter, more comfortable clothing of all types has contributed, along with other technologies, to vastly improved athletic performances. 各种更轻便、更舒适的服装和其他技术一起极大地提高了体育运动成绩。
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| Everyone but Mary was in favour of the plan. 除了玛丽，大家都赞成这个计划。
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| 2．带有同位语或插入语的主语，谓语动词应与主语保持一致。如：
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| I, his father, do not have the simple right to touch his thick hair. 我，他的父亲，连触摸他浓密的头发的权利都没有。
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| Studying communication, and specifically public speaking, is important to you not only personally but also professionally. 学习交际，特别是演说，不仅对你自身，而且对你的职业都是十分重要的。
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| 1．the + adj. / v-ed作主语，表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的形容词有：
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| able, absent, accused, aged, brave, blind, capable, dead, dumb, dying, ignorant, injured, learned, living, old, oppressed, rich, poor, sick, deaf, handicapped, mentally-ill, unemployed, unjust, wise, wounded, wronged, young等。这类名词化的形容词还可以用比较级和最高级的形式。如：
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| The wise look to the wiser for advice. 聪明的人向更聪明的人请教。
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| The bravest are the tenderest. 最勇敢的人是最亲切的人。
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| The old know what loving truly means, the young can only guess. 老年人知道爱情真正意味着什么，年轻人只能猜测。
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| Note:有些形容词或过去分词与定冠词连用，指某种抽象的概念或东西，谓语动词应用单数。如the inevitable, the mysterious, the unexpected, the known, the stale, the evil, the useful, the unusual, the fresh, the false, the marvelous等。如：
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| The living mourn for the dead. 生者为死者哀悼。
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| The good is always beautiful and the beautiful is not always good. 善的总是美的，而美的不一定都是善的。
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| 2．有些形容词前面加the，谓语动词用什么形式视其含义而定。如the above, the
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| following, the former, the latter，类似的还有the rest，the remainder等。如：
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| All the rest are coming later. 所有其他的人过后就来。
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| So although far more people are killed in car accidents than in mining, the latter turns out to be four times riskier than the former. 所以，尽管在车祸中丧生的人远比在采矿时死亡的人多，后者的危险是前者的四倍。
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| The above are a few samples that we have collected. 上面是我们收集的一些例子。
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| The above is, however, too pessimistic a view. 但是上述观点过于悲观了。
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| 3．the +一些以-( i )sh，-ese和-ch结尾的表示民族的形容词，谓语动词用复数。如：
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| The British are among the most surveyed people in the world. 英国人是世界上受监视最严重的人。
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| Everyone agreed that the Dutch are hard-working, thrifty, good-natured, tolerant and business-minded. 人人都认为荷兰人勤奋、节俭、好脾气、宽容、有生意头脑。(B3-p383-L42)
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| The Chinese take pride in "modesty"; the Americans in "straightforwardness". 中国人以"谦虚"为荣；而美国人以"直率"为荣。
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| 1．在there be是常用的表示存在的句型，there是一个特殊的代词，起着先行主语的作用。它的数属性和谓语动词be后面的名词是一致的。过去的一些语法分析把there看作为引导词，把它所指代的名词（紧跟be后面）当作真正的主语。在这一句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式实际上取决于这个名词的单复数。除be外，其它一些表示存在、发生或出现等意义的不及物动词也可以与there连用，如exist, remain, appear, occur, seem to, happen to, stand, come等。如：
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| There are many people who would like to insist that only human beings are capable of feeling the emotion of love. 许多人坚持认为只有人类才能感受爱的情感。 (B1-U1-p23)
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| If there is one main characteristic of the modern world that makes our lives different from our grandparents, it is probably speed. 如果现代世界有一个主要特征使我们的生活与我们的祖父母们的不同的话，那也许就是速度。
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| So long as human beings remain curious, there seems no doubt that the whodunit, in all its various forms, will continue to exert its fatal attraction. 只要人类还有好奇心，那么毫无疑问，各种形式的侦探小说都将继续保持致命的诱惑力。
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| 2． 当there be句型用来列举一系列的事物或人物时，，谓语动词在数的属性上形式，与
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| 这个系列的第一项名词一致，这也可以看作为一种邻近原则。
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| 如：
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| There is a man and a couple of boys over there. 那边有一个人和两三个男孩。
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| There are four chairs and a small bed in the room. 房间里有四张椅子和一张小床。
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| 1．用it作引导词的强调句型中，强调从句的谓语动词须同被强调的先行词在人称和
数方面保持一致。如：
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| It is not just pressure groups that are worried. 担心的并不仅仅是游说集团。
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| It is experiencing the excitement and the joy that goes with the exercise of one's human capabilities. 体验兴奋与快乐是伴随着人类发挥自己的能力而产生的。
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| 2．形容词从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词相一致。如：
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| In the meantime, he is pursuing his own projects, which include an idea for a pool designed only for underwater concerts, a sort of underwater opera house. 在此期间他还在致力于他自己的项目，其中包括一个专门为水下音乐会设计的游泳池，一种水下歌剧院。
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| 3．在"one of +复数名词+形容词从句"结构中，形容词从句一般视为修饰复数名词，故从句谓语动词用复数形式；但在"the only one +复数名词+形容词从句"结构中，形容词从句应视为修饰单数名词，故从句谓语动词用单数形式。如：
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| Monkeys like Allie are just one of many kinds of animals that help improve - or even save - human lives.可以帮助改善人类生活，甚至救人类生命的动物有很多种，像艾莉这样的猴子只是其中之一。
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| Tania is the only one of the youngest girls who speaks French fluently. 塔尼娅是这些小女孩中唯一法语讲得流利的人。
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| 4．but引导的从句中谓语动词的数，要根据but的先行词来定。but相当于that... not或who... not。如：
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| There is no one of us but is ready to help people in trouble. 他们人人都乐意帮助有困难的人。(相当于There is no one of us who isn't ready to help people in trouble)
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| There are few of us but admire your determination. 我们中间几乎无人不佩服你的决心。(相当于There are few of us who don't admire your determination)
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| 5．主语是名词从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但若从句谓语或从句后的补语是复数名词，则谓语动词用复数形式。主语从句中动词若是复数形式，谓语动词也可取复数形式。如：
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| Whoever said "don't put all your eggs in one basket" was right. 那个说"别把鸡蛋放在篮子里"的人是对的。
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| What I think and say is/are no business of yours. 我想的和说的跟你没关。
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| What we need are the time and money to make the technology available to everyone. 我们需要时间和资金使技术为大家服务。
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| 1．here和there作状语时，句子通常用倒装语序。除主语是代词外，动词be, go或come
要放在主语之前，它们的数应与后面的主语保持一致。如：
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| Here is your coat, and there are your gloves. 你的衣服在这里，手套在那里。
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| Here are some specific helpful steps toward building self-confidence and overcoming shyness. 这里是一些具体而有效的措施帮助你树立自信心并克服羞怯感。
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| Here is how schools and parents can encourage this vital skill in children.下面将介绍一下学校和家长如何才能培养孩子们的这一至关重要的技能。
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| 2．为了使句子平衡，句子有时要采用倒装形式。这时要注意辨认主语，使谓语动词和
主语保持一致。如：
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| Opposed to this tradition is a "transformative" approach, in which the teacher is more of a coach, attempting to elicit certain qualities in her students. 与传统的方式相反的是"启发式"，老师更像个教练，他要努力挖掘出学生身上的某些潜质。
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| Most agonizing are the moments when Bauby realizes that his loved ones will never feel his affection again. 令包比最痛苦的时刻是他意识到他所爱的人将再也无法感受到他的爱了。
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| At the heart of communications network are brain chemicals called neurotransmitters which communicate messages not only within the brain, but also within the body. 人体通讯网络的核心部分是一种被称为神经传递素的大脑化学物质，这种传递素不仅在大脑内传递信息，还能在体内传递信息。
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| 1．主语为动词-ing形式或不定式结构时，谓语动词应为单数。如：
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| Even knowing how long we have to wait isn't the whole answer. 即使知道了我们得等多少时间也不能解决一切问题。
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| To err is human; to forgive, divine. 犯错人皆难免；宽恕则属超凡。
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| 2．两个ing分词（短语）或不定式结构由and连接并列作主语，如果表示单一的概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是不同的概念，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
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| Early to rise and early to go to bed is a good habit. 早睡早起习惯好。
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| Hunting and fishing are very good sports. 狩猎和钓鱼是很好的运动。
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